Methods for Forming, Maintaining, and Developing Safety Culture in Nuclear Industry Enterprises and Organizations

The primary tool for forming, maintaining, and developing safety culture in nuclear industry enterprises and organizations is Leadership.

LEADERSHIP is the use of personal abilities and competencies to manage individuals and groups and influence their commitment to achieving the fundamental safety objective and applying fundamental safety principles based on shared goals, values, rules, and norms of behavior. General Safety Requirements No. GSR Part 2 (IAEA). The document GSR Part 2 "Leadership and Management for Safety" establishes requirements for the formation, assessment, sustainable maintenance, and continuous improvement of effective leadership and management for safety in organizations responsible for facilities and activities involving radiation risks.

The main provisions of GSR Part 2 "Leadership and Management for Safety" are provided below.

RESPONSIBILITY FOR SAFETY

Requirement 1: Achieving the fundamental safety objective.

Registrants or licensees, starting with senior managers, shall ensure the achievement of the fundamental safety objective – to protect people and the environment from harmful effects of ionizing radiation.

LEADERSHIP FOR SAFETY

Requirement 2: Demonstration of leadership for safety by managers.

Managers shall demonstrate leadership for safety and commitment to safety.

MANAGEMENT FOR SAFETY: RESPONSIBILITY FOR INTEGRATION OF SAFETY ASPECTS INTO THE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

Requirement 3: Responsibility of senior management for the management system

Senior management shall be responsible for the establishment, application, sustainable maintenance, and continuous improvement of the management system for safety.

Requirement 4: Goals, strategies, plans, and objectives

Senior management shall establish the goals, strategies, plans, and objectives of the organization in line with the organization's safety policy.

Requirement 5: Interaction with interested parties

Senior management shall ensure appropriate interaction with interested parties.

MANAGEMENT FOR SAFETY: MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

Requirement 6: Integration of management system elements

The management system shall integrate its elements, including safety, health and environmental protection, security, quality assurance, human and organizational factors, and social and economic elements, so that safety is not compromised.

Requirement 7: Application of a graded approach to the management system

The management system shall be developed and applied using a graded approach.

Requirement 8: Documentation of the management system

The management system shall be documented. Management system documents shall be controlled, useful, readable, clearly identifiable, and readily available at the point of use.

MANAGEMENT FOR SAFETY: RESOURCE MANAGEMENT

Requirement 9: Provision of resources

Senior management shall determine the needs for competencies and resources for the safe conduct of the organization's activities and ensure their availability.

MANAGEMENT FOR SAFETY: MANAGEMENT OF PROCESSES AND ACTIVITIES

Requirement 10: Management of processes and activities

Processes and activities shall be developed and effectively managed to achieve the organization's goals without compromising safety.

Requirement 11: Supply chain management

The organization shall establish mechanisms for interaction with vendors, contractors, and suppliers to specify the supply of items, products, and services that may affect safety, and to monitor and manage the supply process.

CULTURE FOR SAFETY

Requirement 12: Fostering a safety culture

Individuals in the organization, from senior managers to lower-level positions, shall foster a strong safety culture. The management system and leadership for safety shall promote and ensure the sustainable maintenance of a strong safety culture.

MEASUREMENT, ASSESSMENT, AND IMPROVEMENT

Requirement 13: Measurement, assessment, and improvement of the management system

To improve safety performance and, among other things, minimize the number of safety-related issues, the effectiveness of the management system shall be measured, assessed, and improved.

Requirement 14: Measurement, assessment, and improvement of leadership for safety and safety culture.

Senior management shall regularly conduct assessments of leadership for safety and safety culture in their organization.